HERE I'M WRITING A BLOG( GIVEN BY MEGHA MA'AM TRIVEDI) ON "PERIODICAL WRITING DURING ROMANTIC AGE" WHICH IS THE FINEST FEATURE OF THE AGE.
# WHAT IS ROMANTIC AGE?
The Romantic Period began roughly around 1798 and lasted until 1837. The political and economic atmosphere at the time heavily influenced this period, with many writers finding inspiration from the French Revolution. There was a lot of social change during this period.
It is called Romantic Revival because it sought to revive the poetic ideals of the Elizabethan Age. Love, beauty, emotion, imagination, romance and the beauty of nature were the ideals of the Elizabethan poetry, which the Romantic Movement sought to revive.
Romantic period in English Literature is considered a revolutionary time. It brought Artistic, intellectual, literary as well as musical movement started across Europe. Many renowned poets, novelists, dramatists, writers came out of their shells and contributed their masterpieces in English literature to enrich it.
Romanticism started in Western Europe, around the middle of the 18th century. At this time, the dominant artistic and cultural movement is Neoclassicism, which finds its inspiration in the aesthetics of ancient civilizations. Neoclassicism values order, self-control, and the promotion of ideal values.
English poets such as William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, John Keats, Percy Bysshe Shelley, William Blake, and Lord Byron produced work that expressed spontaneous feelings, found parallels to their own emotional lives in the natural world, and celebrated creativity rather than logic.
As a term to cover the most distinctive writers who flourished in the last years of the 18th century and the first decades of the 19th, “Romantic” is indispensable but also a little misleading: there was no self-styled “Romantic movement” at the time, and the great writers of the period did not call themselves Romantics. Not until August Wilhelm von Schlegel’s Vienna lectures of 1808–09 was a clear distinction established between the “organic,” “plastic” qualities of Romantic art and the “mechanical” character of Classicism.
>> MAJORS POETS OF ROMANTIC AGE:-
1. John Keats
2. Lord Byron
3. P. B. Shelley
4. S. T. Coleridge
5. William Wordsworth
6. William Blake
7. Elizabeth Barrett Browning
8. Robert Burns
9. Robert Browning
10. Christina Rossetti
>> CENTRAL FEATURES OF ROMANTIC ERA INCLUDE,...
- Emotion and passion
- The critique of progress
- A return to the past
- An awe of nature
- The idealization of women
- The purity of childhood
- The search for subjective truth
- The celebration of the individual
- A break from convention
- Spirituality and the occult
And one of the finest feature is PERIODICAL WRITING,..
CLICK HERE FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT PERIODICAL LITERATURE OF ROMANTIC AGE
# INTRODUCTION:-
The periodical was the peculiar product of the 18th century's social life and condition. The periodical essay, as the name itself suggests, appeared periodically or at intervals of fixed time in magazines or journals, and not in book form. The periodical essay is special in so far as it differs from other essays in its aims which were deliberately social. They aimed at the improvement of the society, its morals and manners. The duty of the author of these periodical essays was to inform the mind and delight the heart of the reading public.
In England, there had been news sheets published in the Elizabethan times but these were irregular efforts, issued only on the occasion of something important, such as a flood or other calamity In 1622, a weekly English journal began to be published which was edited by Thomas Archer. This, however, dealt with information about foreign wars alone. These publications dealing with foreign news were banned in 1632. They re-appeared in 1638.
The reign of Charles I saw the high pitch of political passions which led to the This period produced a number of journals and periodic which, for the first time, started printing news of the home front. These journals show some of the modern features of the newspapers and Plications were suppressed. This suppression of the liberty of the press was hefted partially in 1659 when three people were given permission to publish journals. Henry Muddiman’s The London Gazette was published in 1665.
It was in 1682 that the freedom of the press was completely restored. Now there was a spate of publications It was the 18th century however, which saw the rise of journalism proper and with it, the periodical. The climate of this period was one of terse and intense political rivalry. This rivalry between the two major parties of the country, the Whigs and the Tories, brought about an expansion of the press.
More and more pamphlets were published and it was rare to find a writer without political affiliations. Among the early periodicals may be counted Daniel Defoe’s Review was first published in 1704. Earlier than this was the publication of Athenian Mercury (1690) started by Dunton. This clearly pointed the way towards the periodical essays of the 18th century.
Courthope believes that this magazine had a decided role to play in the emergence of the periodical essay. “Men of active and curious mind with a little leisure and a large love of discussion were anxious to have their doubts on all subjects resolved by a printed oracle.” Their tastes were gratified by the ingenuity of John Dunton. The Athenian Mercury was creating the sort of readership which would look for satisfaction towards the periodical press.
But the periodical essay could be said to have actually taken birth with the publication of Steele’s Tatler. The Tatler was started by Steele in 1709. It can easily be called the model or ‘archetypal’ of periodical papers. The Tatler started with news items, anecdotes and poetry, gradually developing into a series of essays on a number of subjects. Addison also contributed to the Tatler. The Tatler ran till January, 1711. Three months after the disappearance of the Tatler came the Spectator and this periodical was closely allied to the interests of the Tatler. The popularity of the Tatler as well as the Spectator was conspicuous.
>> THERE ARE MAJOR THREE CAUSES OF THE RISE OF PERIODICAL LITERATURE,...
1. POLITICAL RIVALRY AND GROWTH OF POLITICAL PARTIES (MAJORS)
> WHIGS
> TORIES
2. THE ROLE OF THE COFFEE HOUSES
3. THE RISE OF THE MIDDLE CLASS
>> There are 5 examples of periodical literature ( writing),..
1. THE EXAMINER (1808-1812) :-
In 1808 Leigh Hunt and his brother John had launched the weekly Examiner, which advocated abolition of the slave trade, Catholic emancipation, and reform of Parliament and the criminal law. For their attacks on the unpopular prince regent, the brothers were imprisoned in 1813. Leigh Hunt, who continued to write The Examiner in prison, was regarded as a martyr in the cause of liberty. After his release (1815) he moved to Hampstead, home of Keats, whom he introduced in 1817 to Shelley, a friend since 1811. The Examiner supported the new Romantic poets against attacks by Blackwood’s Magazine on what it called “the Cockney school of poetry,” supposedly led by Hunt.
2. THE EDINBURGH REVIEW (1802-1929) :-
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The Edinburgh Review, or The Critical Journal, Scottish magazine that was published from 1802 to 1929, and which contributed to the development of the modern periodical and to modern standards of literary criticism. The Edinburgh Review was founded by Francis Jeffrey, Sydney Smith, and Henry Brougham as a quarterly publication, with Jeffrey as its first and longtime editor. It was intended as an outlet for liberal views in Edinburgh. The magazine soon earned wide esteem for its political and literary criticism, and by 1818 it had attained a circulation of 13,500. Its contributors included the novelist Sir Walter Scott, the essayist William Hazlitt, the historian Thomas Babington Macaulay, the educator Thomas Arnold, and the legal historian Sir James Stephen. The Edinburgh Review’s prestige and authority among British periodicals during the 19th century were matched only by that of The Quarterly Review.
In 1818 Lockhart met Sir Walter Scott, the “elder statesman” of European Romanticism. Lockhart married Scott’s daughter Sophia in 1820, became, through his influence, editor (1825–53) of the Tory Quarterly Review, and inherited Scott’s Abbotsford estate. Though attacked by contemporaries for exposing Scott’s faults, Lockhart’s Life is now regarded as an idealized portrait, depicting Scott’s success in brilliant colour, indicating his foibles with subtle wit, and treating the follies of the Ballantynes, Scott’s first publishers, with partisan disregard for truth.
4. THE BLACKWOOD'S MAGAZINE (1817-1980) :-
Blackwood's Magazine was a British magazine and miscellany printed between 1817 and 1980. It was founded by the publisher William Blackwood and was originally called the Edinburgh Monthly Magazine. The first number appeared in April 1817 under the editorship of Thomas Pringle and James Cleghorn.
Founded by the publisher William Blackwood, 'Edinburgh Monthly Magazine' was launched on 1 April 1817, and featured a title page image of the 16th-century Scottish historian George Buchanan. It was also known as Tory magazine.
5. THE LONDON MAGAZINE:-
The London Magazine is the title of six different publications that have appeared in succession since 1732. All six have focused on the arts, literature and miscellaneous topics.
>> So in conclusion we can say that periodical literature was highly famous during romantic age; and great writers gave their precious contribution in the periodical literature during Romantic age. But there were 5 major periodical writings which are mention above in detail by me.
THANK YOU FOR READING...
HAPPY LEARNING AND EXPLORING....
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